Post-Traumatic Stress-Disorder : a Lifespan Developmental Perspective

Introduction - developmental-related trauma studies. Part 1 Incorporating lifespan propositions: lifespan psychological aspects of trauma and PTSD - symptoms and psychosocial impairments; a three-stage model of coping with loss and trauma -lessons from patients suffering from severe and chronic disease. Part 2 From childhood to adulthood: children in war - soldiers against their will; childhood sexual abuse and long-term sequelae; prevalence and comorbidity of traumatic events and PTSD in adolescents and young adults. Part 3 From adulthood to old age: ageing in the shadow of war; reminiscence of traumatic experiences in (former) Jewish emigrants and extermination camp survivors; victimization in old age - psychic consequences and protective conditions. Part 4 Coping, social support, meaning and growth: long-term posttraumatic stress reactions, coping and social support - a structural equation model in a group of former political prisoners; the concept of "working through" loss - a critical evaluation of the cultural, historical and empirical evidence; the roles of meaning and growth in the recovery from post-traumatic stress disorder.